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When European powers carved political borders across the Middle East following World War I, a curious event in the international drug trade occurred: Palestine became the most important hashish waystation in the region and a thriving market for consumption. British and French colonial authorities utterly failed to control the illicit trade, raising questions about the legitimacy of their mandatory regimes. The creation of the Israeli state, too, had little effect to curb illicit trade. By the 1960s, drug trade had become a major point of contention in the Arab-Israeli conflict, and drug use widespread. Intoxicating Zion is the first book to tell the story of hashish in Mandatory Palestine and Israel. Trafficking, use, and regulation; race, gender, and class; colonialism and nation-building all weave together in Haggai Ram's social history of the drug from the 1920s to the aftermath of the 1967 War. The hashish trade encompassed smugglers, international gangs, residents, law enforcers, and political actors, and Ram traces these flows through the interconnected realms of cross-border politics, economics, and culture. Hashish use was and is a marker of belonging and difference, and its history offers readers a unique glimpse into how the modern Middle East was made.

Hashish --- History --- Drug trafficking. --- Egypt. --- Israel. --- Lebanon. --- Levant. --- Mandatory Palestine. --- drug consumption. --- drug regulation/control. --- hashish. --- Dagga --- Hasheesh --- Cannabis --- Narcotics

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Cannabis --- Hallucinations and illusions --- Hashish --- Mental illness --- Madness --- Mental diseases --- Mental disorders --- Dagga --- Hasheesh --- Illusions --- Cannabis gigantea --- Cannabis indica --- Cannabis sativa --- Gallow grass --- Disabilities --- Psychology, Pathological --- Mental health --- Narcotics --- Perceptual disorders --- Subconsciousness --- Delusions --- Cannabaceae --- Marijuana

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Coffeehouses --- -Drug traffic --- -Hashish --- -Drug control --- Drug control --- Drug enforcement --- Drug law enforcement --- Drug policy --- Drug traffic --- Drug traffic control --- Drugs --- Narcotics, Control of --- War on drugs --- Vice control --- Dagga --- Hasheesh --- Cannabis --- Narcotics --- Drug dealing --- Drug production, Illicit --- Drug smuggling --- Drug trade, Illicit --- Drug trafficking --- Illicit drug production --- Illicit drug trade --- Narcotic trade --- Narcotic traffic --- Narcotic trafficking --- Smuggling of drugs --- Smuggling of narcotics --- Traffic, Drug --- Trafficking in drugs --- Trafficking in narcotics --- Drug abuse and crime --- Narco-terrorism --- Cafés --- Coffee bars --- Coffee-houses --- Restaurants --- History --- Government policy --- Prices and sale --- Amsterdam (Netherlands) --- -Social conditions --- Hashish --- History. --- Amesterdão (Netherlands) --- Amstelodamum (Netherlands) --- Amstelaedamum (Netherlands) --- Amstelredamum (Netherlands) --- Amsterodamum (Netherlands) --- Amstelrodamum (Netherlands) --- Social conditions.

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"Despite having the highest rates of cannabis use in the EU, France today enforces the most repressive laws against the drug in all of Europe. But as David A. Guba, Jr. reveals, France once functioned as the epicenter of a global movement to medicalize cannabis, and specifically hashish, for the study and treatment of major diseases. Taming Cannabis examines how French authorities across the 19th century routinely blamed hashish consumption, and especially among Muslim North Africans, for a wide array of behaviors deemed irrationally violent and threatening to the social order of the French state. This association of hashish with irrational violence provided the primary impetus for French pharmacists and physicians to try to "tame" the drug and deploy it in the homeopathic treatment of mental illness and epidemic disease during the 1830s and 1840s. At first heralded as a "wonder drug" capable of curing insanity, cholera, and the plague, hashish proved ineffective against these diseases and fell from repute by the middle 1850s. However, the association between hashish and Muslim violence remained and became codified in French colonial medicine and law by the 1860s as a significant cause of mental illness, violence, and anti-state resistance among indigenous Algerians. As the French government looks to reform the nation's drug laws to address the rise in drug-related incarceration rates and the growing popular demand in France for cannabis legalization, there is no better time than now to explore the largely untold and living history of cannabis and colonialism in France."--

History of human medicine --- History of France --- anno 1800-1899 --- Cannabis --- Hashish --- Medical Marijuana --- Legislation, Drug --- Colonialism --- History, 19th Century --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- Cannabis indica --- Cannabis sativa --- Hemp Plant --- Marihuana --- Marijuana --- Bhang --- Ganja --- Hemp --- Bhangs --- Cannabi --- Ganjas --- Hashishs --- Hemp Plants --- Hemps --- Plant, Hemp --- Plants, Hemp --- History --- history --- France --- Miquelon and Saint Pierre --- Miquelon and St. Pierre --- St. Pierre and Miquelon --- Corsica --- Saint Pierre and Miquelon --- Dagga --- Hasheesh --- Narcotics --- Cannabis gigantea --- Gallow grass --- Cannabaceae